Introduction

• Beta Actin (ACTB) is a well-preserved protein vital for cell structure, mobility, and various cellular activities.
• Found in eukaryotic cells and a fundamental component of the actin protein group.

Structure and Expression Patterns

• Composed of 375 amino acids with a molecular weight of ~42 kDa.
• Exists in two forms: globular actin (G-actin) and filamentous actin (F-actin).
• The ACTB gene is located on chromosome 7 and consists of six exons covering ~3.5 kb.
• Expression is consistent in all cell types and tissues, making it a standard reference gene in molecular biology research.
• Structural integrity remains preserved across species, highlighting its role in cellular functions.

Cellular Functions and Significance

• Known for its role in the cytoskeleton, providing stability and maintaining cell shape.
• Crucial for cell movement and attachment to surfaces.
• Participates in numerous cellular processes:
• Intracellular trafficking and cargo transport
• Cell polarity establishment
• Muscle contraction
• Cytokinesis during cell division
• Cell signalling pathways
• Nuclear processes including transcription regulation
• Cell membrane organization
• Enables cells to swiftly adjust to environmental shifts and internal cues.

Role in Disease and Development

• Mutations in the ACTB gene or dysregulation of Beta Actin expression can lead to various pathological conditions.
• Baraitser-Winter syndrome: developmental disorder with facial abnormalities and intellectual disability.
• Several cancer types: affect cell invasion and metastasis.
• Neurological disorders: impact neuronal development and function.
• Cardiovascular diseases: affect smooth muscle cell function.
• Developmental abnormalities: affect various organ systems.
• Plays crucial roles in cell migration, tissue organization, and organ formation during embryonic development.

Applications in Research and Medicine

• Widely used in research and medical contexts due to its crucial roles in cells.
• Employed as a standard housekeeping gene in gene expression studies (RT-PCR, Western blot).
• Diagnostic value in monitoring Beta Actin levels and mutations:
• Screening for Baraitser-Winter syndrome and related disorders.
• Assessment of cancer progression and metastatic potential.
• Evaluation of cell health and function in various diseases.
• Development of therapeutic strategies targeting actin-dependent processes.

Suitable ELISA Kits

• Beta Actin ELISA Kit
• ACTB ELISA Kit