Introduction

• CXCL10 or Interferon gamma-inducible Protein 10 (IP-10) is a chemokine involved in immune system communication and inflammatory reactions.
• Acts as a messenger to coordinate cell interactions for defence mechanisms and inflammatory pathways.

Molecular Characteristics and Biosynthesis

• Member of the CXC chemokine family.
• Encoded by the CXCL10 gene.
• Comprises 98 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 11.7 kDa.
• Key structural features:
• ELR (Glutamate-Leucine-Arginine) motif absent.
• High affinity for CXCR3 receptor.
• Ability to form complex intermolecular interactions.
• Rapid response to inflammatory stimuli.

Activation and Production Mechanisms

• Synthesis triggered by:
• Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation.
• Inflammatory cytokine activation.
• Viral and bacterial infections.
• Oxidative stress.
• Cellular damage responses.
• Primary production sites:
• Endothelial cells.
• Fibroblasts.
• Epithelial cells.
• Monocytes.
• Activated immune cells.

Immunological Signalling and Cellular Recruitment

• Binds specifically to CXCR3 receptor.
• Attracts activated T lymphocytes.
• Facilitates immune cell migration.
• Regulates inflammatory cell trafficking.
• Supports adaptive immune responses.
• Cellular recruitment capabilities:
• T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes.
• Natural killer (NK) cells.
• Monocytes.
• Memory T cells.

Multifaceted Roles in Health and Disease

• Immune System Modulation:
• Coordinates adaptive immune responses.
• Supports antiviral defence mechanisms.
• Modulates inflammatory cell migration.
• Regulates immune cell activation.
• Contributes to pathogen clearance.
• Disease Association and Clinical Significance:
• Viral Infections: HIV progression monitoring, COVID-19 immune response, Hepatitis viral dynamics, Influenza immune interactions.
• Autoimmune Disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis progression, Multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, Type 1 diabetes immune mechanisms, Systemic lupus erythematosus.
• Cancer Immunology: Tumor microenvironment regulation, Immune surveillance, Potential therapeutic target, Metastasis progression monitoring.

Research Frontiers and Therapeutic Potential

• Cutting-edge research explores CXCL10's potential in:
• Developing targeted immunotherapies.
• Creating precision medicine approaches.
• Understanding complex inflammatory processes.
• Monitoring disease progression.
• Designing novel diagnostic strategies.
• Potential therapeutic approaches:
• CXCL10 inhibition strategies.
• Receptor modulation techniques.
• Personalized immunomodulation.
• Biomarker development.
• Inflammatory response management.

Suitable ELISA Kits

• CXCL10 ELISA Kit
• IP-10 ELISA Kit